This paper discusses the key protection improvements for more than 50 indoor metal-clad switchgear, including features such as combined overcurrent elements for main-tie-main configurations, integrated breaker failure protection, restricted earth fault protection, arc-flash. This paper discusses the key protection improvements for more than 50 indoor metal-clad switchgear, including features such as combined overcurrent elements for main-tie-main configurations, integrated breaker failure protection, restricted earth fault protection, arc-flash. Abstract—In 2020, Public Service Company of New Mexico initiated a five-year program to upgrade an obsolete microprocessor and solid-state protection system for their line-tapped distribution power transformer. This effort was driven by the failure of multiple relays, the lack of redundancy, and. This paper proposes an economical scheme to provide redundancy for protection in digital power sub-transmission and distribution substations. The scheme is based on Ethernet communication networks and uses the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61850 sampled values (SV). This. Hitachi Energy's Distribution Automation portfolio improves grid reliability, resilience and efficiency, giving DSOs control of the grid, anywhere, at any time. The modification and upgrade services are available for the vast majority of medium-voltage protection relays and provide an opportunity to modify the product functionality or upgrade the. Ontario Hydro developed the Integrated Protection and Control System (IPACS), with the first system installed in 1992. A more recent example is the centralized protection and control system for the island of Gotland installed in 2000 by Vattenfalls Eldistribution of Sweden. Firstly, considering the fuzziness and uncertainty of the boundary division of relay protection evaluation levels, a relay protection risk assessment method based on normal cloud model has been.